chris77 wrote
1. Right - Hybrid amps with tubes in the power section and a solid sate/modelling pre-amp. When the amp is set to an overdriven or crunch or lead setting, is the sound we hear actually the tubes being driven or a simulation created by the SS/digital circuitry?
A simulation. Usually the power amps are designed to run very clean, even at high volume. There are exceptions (some of the line 6 amps that rearrange power amp topography on the fly, etc). But the simple truth is if you're not cranking the power amp section (i.e. turned up loud), it's not adding much to the tone.
2. Overdrive Pedals. When we use a tube amp at low volume and use an overdrive pedal to get a heavier crunch/lead tone, is that then really the pedal driving the tubes and adding a bit of flavour to the amps tone as per it's design, or is it the pedal's own tone being amplified by the amp without the tubes really being driven?
Depends on the setup - if you have pedal drive down and output up, it will drive the amp harder too. If the pedal drive is up and it's output volume set low, the pedal will be doing the extra drive.
3. Headphones Outputs. A lot of them double as "emulated outputs" for recording etc. Does that mean the sound through the headphones is a fair reproduction of the amp's tone at those settings (but only at a lower volume to prevent aural damage) - or does the “emulation” part refer to something a bit more techy and less pure?
It's an emulation adding the "speaker" tone, so it's faking it. How good it is, depends on the quality of the tech (not usually very good).
4. Tube amps without headphone outs. (about 99.9999999% of them. ?) Is there any way to use headphone with these without resorting to a major mod or an expensive attenuator? Can’t you maybe run the signal through a mixer and PA with a headphone output or something?
Nope. Closest would be using a loadbox to keep the amp happy and an emulator to run to the PA or headphone amp. Take a look at the Torpedo Live (loadbox and convolution based speaker modelling in one box) if you're serious about your tone. A lot of guys are also using valve preamps into the smaller Torpedo CAB (power amp and speaker simulation) pedal and DIing for both live and practice.
Simplest solution for most is to have a decent modeller for headphone practice/fun and a real amp for playing loud/gigging.