Difficult to quantify in many quoted mono sources, and not helped by the fact that it has become a marketing buzzword, so most claims of "3D sound" are often to be taken with a pillar of salt.
Basically, think of how reverb can add another dimension to a mono guitar sound, making it sound like it is further back in a mix. Similarly the phase shifts from modulation (whether the wow and flutter of a tape or phaser/flanger phasing) trick the ear into hearing an added depth to the sound, making it sound bigger and more space filling.
In something like an amplifier, it can be very difficult to quantify exactly, but it is down to phase relationships between frequency bands and how changes in those relationships fool the brain into hearing positional anomalies that do not exist. It can be very subtle, but our hearing is very finely attuned to positional shifts (part of the danger warning mechanism, so it's pretty much hardwired in), so we are aware of the changes on a subconscious level and can learn to identify them consciously too.
While it's difficult to measure (obviously, because it's not in the sound itself, but in the way our brain interprets that sound), the effects are pretty obvious to anyone who has plugged in a good amp and gone "Wow!" as it fills the room with a full, rich sound. ?
Norman86 wrote:
Honestly, a 3d sound can ONLY come from stereo.
Most sounds come from mono sources. But we hear them in surround. The brain is a wonderful thing...